Critique a Research Study Essay Example for Free

Critique a Research Study Essay The nursing research study I chose at the beginning of the semester was Impact of health literacy and patient trust on glycemic control in an urban USA population. The research article begins with a description of Diabetes, its consequences of the disease process, complications, economic cost, and the public health crisis that is foreseen over the next few decades. Research has shown that improvement of glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in diabetics can have a significant positive impact on this impending critical condition. The second component of the article evaluates the impact health literacy and patient trust has on controlling and maintaining glycemic control in diabetics. The purpose of this article was to research a â€Å"quantitative study conducted to examine health literacy and patient trust as predictors of glycemic control (Mancuso, 2010)†. I believe the credibility of the research article was trustworthy, based on the research topics evaluated that are known in medicine to be accurate and valid. As a nurse, I am well aware of the impact health literacy and patient trust effect disease process and glycemic control. The research sample size evaluated by the article included one hundred and two participants with diabetes selected from two urban primary care clinics in the United States. Although I believe the sample size could’ve been larger, the final conclusions of health literacy and patient trust showed how important those factors are in influencing glycemic control. According to Polit, the presumed cause is the independent variable, and the presumed effect is the dependent or outcome variable (Polit Beck, 2014, p. 43)†. The Quantitative type of research design used in this study was Non-experimental/Observational study on the effects of health literacy and trust on glycemic control. â€Å"When researchers study the effect of a cause they cannot manipulate, they design correlation studies that examine relationships between variables. Correlation studies can be detected through statistical analysis ((Polit Beck, 2014, p. 159)†. The independent variables consisted of health literacy, patient trust, knowledge of diabetes, performance of self-care activities, and depression. These variables were measured with testing at the beginning of the study that yielded statistical results used to associate between variables. The dependent variable was the Hemoglobin A1c. Often the dependent variable can have multiple causes, which are examined in the article. The study also considered other related factors such as: demographics, socio-economic status, diabetes knowledge, self-care activities, and depression. I would categorize these variables with health literacy and patient trust as independent variables. The variation of factors can have a significant influence on the final outcome of HbA1c. This is the reason that research is essential for diabetes, to determine the influence these factors have on glycemic control. Evidenced-based interventions and approaches to improving glycemic control in the US population will help improve the current health crisis this country is facing, and will continue to face in the decades to come. â€Å"This was a cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes, utilizing several survey instruments and data sources (Mancuso, 2010)†. These 102 participants with diabetes were chosen from two free primary care clinics in the U. S. that met the criteria for the study. Reading comprehension test, scales, and screening through the use of surveys examined the independent variables. Testing for Hemoglobin A1c, a blood test, was conducted every six months to measure glycemic control for research purposes. I believe the design was appropriate because it was particular on the types of participants used for the study and factors that influenced the outcome according to the research article. Regardless of the level of participants, results of the study based its findings on the needs of the diabetic population. One of the strengths I identified early on in the research article was the research design chosen to evaluate glycemic control. The cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes utilized several survey instruments and data sources. The framework of the study helped to assess and predict the relationships between variables. Second, I felt the methods used to gather data was appropriate and beneficial to the research study. The data received was sufficient enough to research and observe. Finally, another strength I identified in the article was its reliability that correlated to Evidenced-Based data that guides clinical practice in nursing today. The final findings of the article support that the data collected and examined would help patient’s outcomes on increasing their glycemic control. Distinct weakness in the research study I identified first was the size of the sample that was chosen. With only one hundred and two participants from two different clinics, I felt that the sample size could have been more effective with larger numbers studied and in more areas of the country. The study also identified the recruited participants were from an uninsured population and identified the groups to have poor glycemic control. I believe the research study should have had a more diverse population of patients that would demonstrate how the US really is. Finally, the research article was evaluating health literacy; I believe that most patients who are illiterate would have been reluctant to participate in the study for fear of judgment and humiliation, thus not portraying the most accurate recruits. Evidenced-Based research is an essential component for the continual evolution of professional nursing practice. Research provides us with a solid foundation to ensure that nursing practice and interventions are based on scientific principles that have been proven to be effective. As professional nurses, we should strive to achieve the best outcomes for our patients. Through nursing research, we can expand our nursing knowledge and development to deliver healthcare based on guided research decision-making. In studying my research article, I believe that the strengths outweighed the weaknesses because the findings did correlate with Evidence-Based practice already known. After critiquing the research article, I support its findings on health literacy and glycemic control; they definitely contribute to Evidence-Based practice that should be implemented in nursing practice. Diabetes is a major health problem in the United States and also a major risk factor for other types of disease processes related to it. Health literacy, the ability to read, comprehend and comply with medical instructions is directly related to improved glycemic control. The research article I have chosen reflect the effects between health literacy and glycemic control in the United States population. Conclusions from the articles emphasize the need to communicate and educate patients effectively with low health literacy. As an emergency room, healthcare teaching plays an important role when discharging patients home with the correct information and education to manage their symptoms and disease processes. This research article applies to my nursing practice by pointing out the need to assess health literacy in-patients sent home or admitted with Diabetes. When we can determine that health literacy impacts glycemic control, we can take measures to help patients maintain their diabetes effectively. By understanding the relationship between education and health care outcomes, nursing can make a significant impact through effectively assessing the needs to provide adequate healthcare teaching. References Mancuso, J. (2010). Impact of health literacy and patient trust on glycemic control in an urban USA population. Nursing Health Sciences, 12(1), 94-104. doi:10. 1111/j. 1442- 2018. 2009. 00506. x Polit, D. F. , Beck, C. T. (2014). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

John Dewey and His Impact on Society :: Pragmatism Essays

John Dewey was an American philosopher and teacher who, with Charles Peirce and William James, were the originators of the philosophy known as "pragmatism." Dewey had a long and distinguished career as a teacher, labor activist, and "public intellectual" who was not afraid to deal in his philosophical writings with real social issues. Dewey changed philosophy and its view forever and has made a large impact on the way modern philosophers look at things today. Dewey started off as a Hegelian idealist, but changed from idealism to experimentalism, which studied the human mind and real life issues, and which emphasized the ways in which human intelligence may be applied to the solution of real problems in real life. Dewey published over 100 books during his lifetime, dealing with topics such as education, ethics, logic, metaphysics, aesthetics, religious experience, war, politics, and economics. He was often scorned by other philosophers who thought his philosophy was too concerned with practice and not concerned enough with theory or with traditional philosophical issues like epistemology (or "how can we know"), ontology ("what is real"), or traditional logic ("what is truth"). Dewey was quite blunt in his claim that "Philosophy recovers itself when it ceases to be a device for dealing with the problems of philosophers and becomes a method, cultivated by philosophers, for dealing with the problems of men." (The Need for a Recovery in Philosophy, 1917) This set Dewy apart from the rest, and made his view on philosophy (Pragmatism) very unique and moving. His theories on human intelligence have helped numerous Universities, schools, and doctors help people learn. Dewey was one of the greatest minds to ever walk the face of America. Timeline and achievements of John Dewey  · Born Burlington, VT October 20, 1859  · 1875, attended University of Vermont major of philosophy  · 1879, taught high school in Oil City PA  · 1882, attended Johns Hopkins University- studied philosophy and psychology  · 1884, first job at University of Michigan  · 1886, married Alice Chipman  · 1888, worked at University of Minnesota as head of philosophy dept.  · 1889, worked back at U. Michigan as head of philosophy dept  · 1894, worked as head of philosophy and psychology departments at University of Chicago (1894 - 1904)  · 1894-6, founded University Elementary School, now the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools  · 1905, worked as professor of philosophy at Columbia University

Government Health Campaign: The Change4Life campaign

The Change4Life campaign aims to help families to eat healthier and educate them on the importance of exercise. This is because it hopes to tackle the rising issues of obesity in households. Change4Life responds to an urgent need to tackle the disturbing rise in obesity. It was launched in England in 2009. The original purpose for the campaign was a societal movement, which meant that it was a childhood obesity prevention strategy. The campaign is reinforced by the Department of Health and intends to target the growing problem of obesity in a very hands-on, positive way, by implanting healthy eating and exercise habits into people from a young age. The campaign had targeted parents of children between the ages of 5-11. Particularly those from boroughs of the population where parental attitudes, beliefs and behaviours showed that their children were more likely to gain excess weight. Change4Life mission today is to encourage individuals to eat well, move more and live longer. http://www.physicalactivityandnutritionwales.org.uk/Documents/740/DH_summaryof_change4lifeoneyearon.pdf (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://www.noo.org.uk/core/eval_reports (accessed on 05/01/2016)Government Regulation on Media in America It is a government programme to tackle children obesity by helping families recognise the effect of unhealthy or excessive eating can have on a child’s life. This is important because children that are obese would cost the NHS later on because they would need to be provided with beds and treatment. Britain is a welfare state and therefore, the government has to provide medical care to the general public through taxation. The Change4Life is a programme for the government to reduce the rising issues on obesity for children. The health campaign programme is helpful in containing the spread of obesity and educating families with children to eat healthier and exercise regularly. http://www.weightlossresources.co.uk/healthy_eating/healthy-lifestyle/change-for-life.htm (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://www.nhs.uk/Change4Life/Pages/what-is-change-for-life.aspx (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://campaigns.dh.gov.uk/category/change-4-life/ (accessed on 05/01/2016) Change4Life is a social market that hopes to imprint their ideas of achieving a healthy active lifestyle and why it is important to the general public. This is because obesity has a severe impact health of individuals; increasing the risk of type-2 diabetes, some cancers, and heart and liver disease. This is problematic for the government and the general public because the money for treatment comes from taxation. Tackling the increase of obesity is vital. Research has shown that 10% of all cancer deaths among non-smokers are connected to obesity. The danger of Coronary Artery Disease rises 3.6 times for obese people and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is about 20 times larger for people who have a BMI over 35 when compared to individuals with a BMI between 18 and 25. These illnesses can eventually decrease life expectancy. http://www.nhs.uk/change4life/supporter-resources/downloads/change4life_marketing%20strategy_april09.pdf (accessed on 05/01/2016) The Main Purpose of Change4Life Change4Life focuses on the lifestyle elements that can be directly related to a healthy active lifestyle. The campaign focuses on the cause of the childhood obesity and therefore, aims to tackle the rising issues by targeting households with children. This is because if families are familiar with the basics of nutrition then they are armed with the knowledge to make positive decisions with regards to their diet. For example; a family who eats processed food like microwavable lasagnes frequently, might change eating habits and actually cook their lasagnes. A few simple changes, such as exchanging ready meals for healthy, homemade dinners, or snacking on fruit as an alternative of chocolate; can have a massive effect on health and weight problems. Change4Life advertise on television, newspapers and schools to attract households with families in order to fulfil their aim of childhood obesity. Leaflets are sent to households in order for them to understand what food can do to a person’s development. This is vital because understanding of the importance that specific foods and ingredients have for general health and welfare can have a great impact on overall health. http://www.theguardian.com/society/joepublic/2008/dec/31/change4life-campaign-obesity (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-change4life-campaign-encourages-families-to-make-sugar-swaps (accessed on 02/02/2016) http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/change-4-life/ (accessed on 02/02/2016) Another purpose for the government establishing Change4Life health campaign was that the increase in obesity numbers among adults and children which was costing the NHS billions every year. The Government Office for Science’s Foresight Report implied that â€Å"if we don’t take action now, our society will be consumed by a major public health problem matched only by climate change in both its scale and complexity.† This further shows the risk and completion associated with obesity can have on society. It also highlights the importance of Change4Life campaign in society. The phrase â€Å"major public health problem† can imply that obesity can cause the NHS billions, further making it less likely to have an NHS in future. According to Prime Minster David Cameroon obesity cost on the NHS was  £4.2 billion in 2014 had risen to  £6.4 billion by the end of 2015. The Government Office for Science’s Foresight Report implies that by 2050 the figure would drastically rise to  £50 billion. Further, becoming a finical and social problem for the general public and government. This also shows the importance of Change4Life campaign because it might http://www.nhs.uk/Change4Life/supporter-resources/downloads/Help_stop_childhood_obesity.pdf (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://fullfact.org/news/how-much-does-obesity-cost-nhs/ (accessed on 05/01/2016) Impact of Change4Life Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet The Change4Life had been successful in impacting 85% of their target audience, who were households with children. The health campaign had won fifteen industry awards and multiple sub-campaign such as; Start4Life, which is only targeted for women and middle-aged adult. There are other multiple sub-campaigns for everyone else needs such as Cook4Life, Walk4Life, Swim4Life, Moreactive4Life, Muckin4Life, Bike4Life, and Smallsteps4Life. The Change4Life health campaign and its sub-campaign were made available to local and national partners in order that the campaign and the sub-campaigns are more successful. Change4Life was successful in making an impact on 570,000 families and 61,000 children to eat healthier and move more for a healthy active lifestyle. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213719/dh_130488.pdf (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1167544/healthy-eating-change4life-check-up (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://www.gov.uk/government/news/purchase-of-sugary-drinks-falls-during-healthy-swaps-campaign (accessed on 05/01/2016) The health campaign has come in for disapproval, but the government states that one million mothers have pursued to change their families' lifestyles in the past year. This shows that Change4Life campaign is changing the perspective of mothers who were not focused on what food their children eat were considering that food can affect the health. Normally these mothers are from a working-class background because that is their target audience when advertising. Working-class households more likely to be unaware of what processed or fast-food can have on a human body and more likely to buy and eat those foods due to being cheaper and less time-consuming. Therefore, the government claiming that Change4Life had changed the viewpoint of mothers shows the success of the health campaign due to increasing the awareness of the problems associated with obesity. Mothers are also seen as the dominate role in the household because she controls the food eaten by their family. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8518251.stm (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-change4life-campaign-encourages-families-to-make-sugar-swaps (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http:/www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_115511.pdf (accessed on 05/01/2016) Impact of Change4Life in Schools School Meals Due to the popularity of Change4Life in the first year; the government was inspired to created standards in 2010 where children would be given a healthy school meal. This is because Change4Life had been a success in identify the causes and ways of preventing obesity levels rising. Schools meals have been altered by the government. The portions of fruits and vegetables in school meals in 2005 was 12.5% and the statistics has increased to 67% in 2014. Venue machine with chocolates and crisps were banned from schools in order to make sure that children eat healthier food. It also made sure that children were less likely to become diabetic because sweets would be limited and also the government has increased the VAT on sweets and soft drinks. There are over 500,00 school which has signed up to the Change4Life programmes across England and Wales. This shows the successful impact Change4Life had on schools because meals have become healthier in order to provide a balance diet. Breakfast clubs are another example of how schools provide a balance meal for students. Children that are feed quickly or do not have breakfast; can be provided a good meal to start an active date. https://www.nhs.uk/change4life-beta/campaigns/sugar-smart/home?gclid=COvl5_DB8MoCFQkq0wodIoUC8A;gclsrc=aw.ds (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/schools-supporters.aspx?filter=SchoolResourceSetting (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://campaignresources.phe.gov.uk/schools (accessed on 05/01/2016) Sport Clubs in Secondary and Primary Schools Change4Life had established sports clubs to attract the interest of children and young people who have not usually taken part in physical education or sport and are consequently less active. The sports clubs were designed to educate children and young people about how to lead a health active lifestyle. The sport activity for children was surrounding five different multi-sport themes, such as creativity, treasure hunt, and combat. For young people the clubs were related to Olympic and Paralympic sports, such as wheelchair basketball and softball. http://www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/sports-clubs.aspx (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/primary-schools-sports-clubs.aspx (accessed on 05/01/2016) http://www.youthsporttrust.org/how-we-can-help/programmes/change4life-sports-clubs.aspx (accessed on 05/01/2016) The latest evaluation of the sports clubs from Change4Life had shown that since the clubs started in 2011 a remarkable two hundred twenty-five thousand children and young people have joined. Primary schools had seventy thousand children who took part in over four-thousand primary school clubs in the previous year with over fifty thousand clubs sessions being put on for young people. Since joining the primary clubs over one hundred one thousand children now feel positive about being active and playing games, whilst almost seventy-five thousand are now achieving sixty minutes of activity on most days of the week. https://www.canterbury.ac.uk/social-and-applied-sciences/human-and-life-sciences/spear/research-projects/change-4-life-school-sports-club.aspx (accessed on 05/01/2016) https://www.jfhc.co.uk/uploadedFiles/Redbox/Pavilion_Content/Our_Content/Social_Care_and_Health/videos/JFHC_videos/2a%20Chris%20Wright%20Change4Life%20JFHC.pdf (accessed on 05/01/2016)

Effect of Violent Video Games on Teenagers - 1070 Words

Introduction Violent video games are special games, which negatively influences to the attitude and behavior. These video games are popular between children and teenagers. Since 1980-s years violent games are in political discussion. Because when teenagers usually play violent video games, they are becoming aggressive and then they face with psychological problems. For this, some people claim that violent games are harmful for society and they affect to behavior and health. It was interested in investigate about teenagers from 13 year old to 18 year about their playing violent games in the USA. Body Paragraph 1 After playing violent games some teenagers become to the aggressive way. Argument #1 According to the scientist research, when†¦show more content†¦According to the Bajovic’s dissertation, in her study is not written that violent video games leave children ‘morally immature’. She writes that emphasis should be placed more in helping teenagers and in understanding the meaning of violent games. She thinks that after playing violent games teenagers try to control them. Paragraph #4 In USA was happened one unhappy situation. One teenager whom every time played violent video games, he killed his classmates with weapon. But if to compare this situation with Russia, the Department of GUSDOM wants to predict it. But the government of USA was not going to predict. Argument #1 In Russia deputies of GUSDOM want to protect children from violent games. Because in one Russian schools happened a execution. It is a reason to protect. Firing of the school student - result adverse effect of shooters. Argument #2 Rock Star of Vancouver even created a game called Bully and an updated Scholarship Edition in 2006. The game takes place in a high school; a 15-year-old boy navigates high school life alone. Many teachers and parents came out against the game, saying it glorified violence. They tried to control their teenagers. Research has shown that 15 percent of students are bullied that the problem is bad in the middle of the school population. Rock star of Vancouver has done a video game which is called â€Å"Scholarship Edition† in 2006.Show MoreRelated Negative Effects of Violent Video Games on Teenagers Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages Video games have been available to consumers for the last 30 years. They are a unique form of entertainment, because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Todays sophisticated video games require players to pay constant attention to the game, rather than passively watching a movie. 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